Causes and Consequences of World War 1

The causes of World War I, which began in central Europe in July 1914, included many intertwined factors, such as the conflicts and hostility of the four decades leading up to the war. Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism played major roles in the conflict as well. However, the immediate origins of the war lay in the decisions taken by statesmen and generals during the July Crisis of 1914, casus belli for which was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife by Gavrilo Princip, an irredentist Serb. The crisis came after a long and difficult series of diplomatic clashes between the Great Powers (Italy, France, Germany, Great Britain, Austria-Hungarian Empire and Russia) over European and colonial issues in the decade before 1914 that had left tensions high. In turn these diplomatic clashes can be traced to changes in the balance of power in Europe since 1867. [2] The more immediate cause for the war was tensions over territory in the Balkans. Austria-Hungary competed with Serbia and Russia for territory and influence in the region and they pulled the rest of the Great Powers into the conflict through their various alliances and treaties. The topic of the causes of World War I is one of the most studied in all of world history. Scholars have differed significantly in their interpretations of the event. Consequences of the War During and in the aftermath of the war the political, cultural, and social order was drastically changed in Europe, Asia and Africa, even outside the areas directly involved in the war. New countries were formed, old ones were abolished, international organizations were established, and many new and old ideologies took a firm hold in people's minds. There were some general consequences from the creation of a large number of new small states in eastern Europe as a result of the dissolution of the German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires, and the regional disturbance of the Russian Civil War. Internally these new states tended to have substantial ethnic minorities, which wished to unite with neighboring states where their ethnicity dominated. One consequence of the massive redrawing of borders and the political changes in the aftermath of war was the large number of European refugees. Economic and military cooperation amongst these small states was minimal ensuring that the defeated powers of Germany and the Soviet Union retained a latent capacity to dominate the region. In the immediate aftermath of the war, defeat drove cooperation between Germany and the Soviet Union but ultimately these two powers would compete to dominate Eastern Europe. Perhaps the single most important event precipitated by the privations of World War I was the Russian Revolution of 1917. A socialist and often explicitly Communist revolutionary wave occurred in many other European countries from 1917 onwards, notably in Germany and Hungary.

Why I Love South Africa

South Africa bubbles with wonderful, culturally diverse people. A colourful array of different foods, religions, beliefs and traditions are blended together to make up the amazing nation of the republic of South Africa It is, arguably (and ironically), one of the most liberal, free, and constitutionally healthy democracies in the Western World – and, most certainly, in Africa. To have achieved this after hundreds of years of the most brutal repression and trashing of human rights – 15 years of true democracy, is nothing if not a monumental achievement. Then there are the challenges – yes, South Africa has many. But that’s what makes it exciting to be here. To be part of facing these challenges and (re)building a country . The people – ALL the people – are just great. There are simply no sacred cows in South Africa any more. Anything and everything can and is being discussed openly. Only once you have been to a South African braai, the beach in December, the bustling cities zig-zaged by taxis, a game park and met our vibrant inhabitants can you under. Where else in the world can you go from Oceans and Mountains, through beautiful vinyards and into arid desert, from open bushveld, to tropical forest. Where else can you find such a diversity of people that 11 official languages are required. South Africa is a country rich with resources, cultures and geographies and few countries the size of South Africa can boast such diversity. But none of this matters, if it doesn’t feel like home, and thats why I love SA. Its home. This is the home of ubuntu. For those of you who don't know, it basically means a spirit of community and sharing and kindness. Here’s to the glorious South African sunsets and the great blue African skies. Here’s to the rich wildlife and the friendly, happy people. Here’s to melktert and koeksusters, mampoer, bobotie, sosaties, amasi, isidudu, chutney and bunny chow, vetkeok and malva pudding. Here’s to a melting pot of cultures, coming together in one home under one roof – Indians, Chinese, Zulu, Xhosa, Pedi, Sotho, Tswana, Afrikaans, the San bushmen, English†¦ Here’s to Shaka Zulu, Nelson Mandela, Charlize Theron, Freek Robinson, Riaan Crywagen, Natalie du Toit, Makhaya Ntini and the man on the street. Here’s to the Drakensburg, Table Mountain, The Tsitsikama forests in Knysna, the Garden Route, the warm Indian ocean intermingling with the cool Atlantic, the dry escarpment of Gauteng and the Great Karoo. Here’s to every different season and landscape contained in one immensely beautiful country.

Health social care Essay

Thought?What is reflective practice? Reflective practice is self re-evaluation of your practice with the customer. Making sure that all issues is reported to management and daily records are kept up to date, on and after every visit. It’s a process that makes you stop and think about your own practice and your actions. Refocusing on your thinking and knowledge to generate new ideas. Look at your behaviour, learning needs and your judgement. Why is reflective practice important? Reflective practice is important for you to focus on how you interact with your colleagues, customers and the each environment that you will be in. It’s an impact on yourself learning and knowledge you have gained. Helps you to recognise on how to what you have done well so it can be put in practice for other situations. Also means in reflecting your own values, beliefs, and experiences which will help your thoughts and ideas to share with your colleagues. Use this to gain better strength weakness so that you learn from your own mistakes and take the appropriate actions in future. Improves your basic judgement and professionally enables you to apply skills to the personal development cycle. How reflective practice contributes to improving the quality of service provision? Contributes to improving the quality of service provision as the care worker constantly revises the policies and procedures and new standards that are being constantly set. Being up to date on the relevant new policies and procedures help the care workers to do their job and maintain of what is expected from them. How standards can be used to help care worker reflect on their practice? Having a standard so they can always reflect with it and achieve the same standardised level that is expected in a care worker. Ensuring that meeting these standards these would be the CQC ESOS and the bluebird ccode of practice that is found in the office.

In what ways does the presentation of Polonius contribute to the play Hamlet? Essay

‘Hamlet’ By William Shakespeare Question: In what ways does the presentation of Polonius contribute to the play Hamlet? Answer: Polonius, counsellor to the King, father of Ophelia and Laertes (and although there is no evidence, it is possible that he held a position at court under Hamlet’s father, the old King), seems to have a close and developed relationship with the Royal family and knows a lot about the family history and background in detail. With the audience knowing this, Shakespeare can use Polonius as a weapon against Claudius in order to protect himself or to blackmail the King. He is a man who is trusted by Claudius, the King of Denmark who tells Laertes, Polonius’ son, that his father is incalculably important to Denmark, † The head is not more native to the heart, The hand is more instrumental to the mouth, Than is the throne of Denmark to thy father. † (Act 1 Scene 2- Lines 47-49) Here, the audience would most probably be double-minded and slightly confused. This is because; this quote could have a double meaning. It could be that Claudius wants to get rid of Polonius but finds difflculty in doing so as he is a faithful servant towards himself, the King. Polonius could be an â€Å"instrumental† devise for Claudius for those critical times. We soon learn that Polonius is an over-protective father who only wants to protect his children from society and has a strong authority over his son and daughter. This is learnt when Claudius calls to Laertes: â€Å"Have you your father’s leave? What says Polonius? † (Act 1 Scene 2- Line 57) More evidence of Polonius’ fatherhood is reflected in Act 1 Scene 3, when Laertes is talking to Ophelia before he is about to leave for France. Polonius enters the scene giving lecture-like advice to Laertes about factors to engage in and factors not to engage in. † Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar. † (Act 1 Scene 3-Line 61) He does not trust his son, which is why Polonius calls on Reynaldo â€Å"to make inquire of his behaviour. † Not only this, but he gives long-winded advise to Ophelia without considering her feelings by playing with his words, and accusing Ophelia of not being able to make her own sensible decisions. â€Å"You speak like a green girl† (Act 1 Scene 3-Line 101) Polonius’ playing with words does not stop here; he uses plays on words to make himself seem intelligent, while the king and queen are not impressed at all. When he realizes that his ‘artificial intelligence’ is not working, he comes up with his â€Å"lovesick† plan (to spy on Hamlet and use Ophelia). Polonius does not only ‘educate’ his children for their own benefits but also to his advantage. He uses them, Ophelia in particular, to promote his career leading to Claudius to be proud when it is revealed that Ophelia is carrying out her father’s dirty work for him without knowing, which reveals the degree of Polonius’ craftiness. Polonius’ job is his priority (this is reflected when he uses Ophelia to maintain his head high in front of the King) and it is shown in the play that he is capable of going to extreme measures just in order to satisfy all and to keep his head high. I think he wants all too much to impress the king and queen, which explain his silly â€Å"talking in circles. † For example, when he says, â€Å"Give first admittance to th’ambassadors; My news shall be the fruit to that great feast. † (Act 2 Scene 2-Lines 51-52) Shakespeare uses a character like Polonius in this play to complement the whole play. Polonius’ ironical jokes make the audience laugh and balances out the play against the tense and important scenes in the play, HAMLET † Do you see yonder cloud that’s almost in shape of a camel? † POLONIUS † By th’mass, and ’tis like a camel indeed. HAMLET † Methinks it is like a weasel. POLONIUS † It is backed like a weasel. HAMLET † Or like a whale? POLONIUS † Very like a whale. (Act 3 Scene 2-Lines 339-344) In act 3 scene 2, when Polonius is told to fetch Hamlet, Hamlet plays with his words towards Polonius and makes him say anything that he, Hamlet chooses. Polonius is made to say that he sees imaginary shapes, which Hamlet suggests, are in the clouds.

A historic succession at xerox Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A historic succession at xerox - Case Study Example Secondly, Ursula Burns succeeded another woman. This is usually not the case since most female CEOs normally break through by taking over from other men. This is a general reflection of the fact that women, like many other minorities in America are often excluded from top level managerial positions. Reasons why Women & Minorities do not get top-level Positions There are several reasons why women are not found occupying top corporate positions around the country. Lamana & Riedman (2010, p285) identify three major reasaons why women are often excluded from such uttermost corporate positions. First of all, most women are involved at the forefront of family lives. This is because once a woman marries, she is often involved more intensely in family matters. This implies that a woman will need to do draw a balance between the raising of a family and business life. In most organizations, rising to the top demands a almost all of a person' attention and due to the divided attention most wome n have because they combine work with family life, they end up losing out to men. Secondly, historical factors play major roles in hindering women from taking up top corporate positions.

Rhetoric Analysis of a Music News Website Essay

Rhetoric Analysis of a Music News Website - Essay Example In order to understand why this target audience continues such criminal activity, their assumptions about the record industry must be examined. Music United is one website that analyzes and addresses these assumptions. A coalition group of many different organizations committed against online music piracy, Music United strives not only to disprove college students' assumptions about the record industry, but also to persuade college students to abide by the law when obtaining music. In order to accomplish these goals, the Music United site utilizes textual and technical features to establish a direct communication with its targeted audience of college students. These features are functions of appeals to guilt, fear, empathy, and the law that are embedded within the content and the purpose of the site. College students view the internet as a place of public freedom, where people can come and go, sharing their ideas, pictures, and pages along the way. A basic knowledge of web designing is all that is needed to post material on the internet for the world to see. Over time, users view the internet as a "marketplace" where everyone is entitled to every page, picture, and idea posted. College students adopt this kind of public-sharing sentiment when they download mp3s without paying. ... ree for the taking in much the same way reading a newspaper article online is free (as opposed to paying $0.50 to read the same article on a hard copy). Music United disagrees with this "free for all" spirit of college students who participate in the sharing and downloading of illegal mp3 files. Not everything on the internet is for free, certainly not music. This is one of the college students' assumptions the site refutes. Music United accomplishes this goal through the use specially designed text-graphics, which appeal to guilt and fear. The home page provides an example of these text-graphics. Although they may look like regular text, these special headers and key quotations are actual graphics (clicking on them reveals they are gif files) that were most likely created in some photo editing program like Paint Shop Pro. The combination of red and white colors functions the same way a "stop" sign functions: it awakens the senses by signaling a warning. When college students see this graphic, the colors indicate that something of greater importance is being said here, as opposed to the regular black-colored text found throughout the site. The colors catch their eyes, compelling them to read the text. The font type is different and larger from the standard Verdana text found throughout the site, further emphasizing the importance of the message. The capitalization of the number ("2.6 million") and the cr ime ("illegally downloaded") not only stresses the importance of the text, but also accentuates the guilt the phrases elicit from its audience. When college students who engage in illegal mp3 trading read the text, they are struck with guilt. They immediately identify themselves as illegal downloader's who partake in the distribution of those 2.6 billion files each

Low density polyethylene Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Low density polyethylene - Research Paper Example In recent years, another dimension of environmental aspect has been added to reduce the global warming and related factors. (LDPE PERP 2010, p4) This paper deals with mainly the production processes of LDPE and its effect as life cycle assessment. Production Processes Installed capacities of LDPE based on production processes employed can be presented schematically as per the following diagram. Source: http://www.chemsystems.com/about/cs/news/items/PERP%200809_1_LDPE.cfm The technologies based on tubular and autoclaves reactors are used for the polymerization of ethylene. Polymerization process is carried out at high pressure between 1500 and 3000 bar and at temperature between 120 and 320 degree centigrade. A large variety of grades are produced using a single reactor line. Tubular Reaction Process The major outlines of the process can be described as per the following. Ethylene feedstock is compressed and mixed with the recycled ethylene and co monomer such as ethyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, or methacrylic acid. The mixture is then pressurized in the tubular reactor at certain pressure. Polymerization of the monomer takes place in the presence of organic peroxides. Reactor has several zones to increase the conversion rates. Per reactor pass conversion rate is found to be between 15 and 35 percent. The separation is done in two stages. The mixture of ethylene and polyethylene enters the high pressure separator and splits into an ethylene rich gas and polymer rich liquid. The polymer rich liquid at the bottom of the high pressure separator is taken out to the low pressure separator. The ethylene gas leaving the separator is sent back to the compressor and again mixed with fresh ethylene. The liquid stream is taken to the extruder for making the pellets of the polymer compound. (Pladis 2006) ExxonMobil has a long history of working with tubular reactors to manufacture LDPE. As claimed by ExxonMobil, tubular technology has a lower operating cost than autoclave tec hnology. Currently, 14 plants are in operation based on tubular technology as provided by ExxonMobil giving production output of 2500kta at different locations. (LDPE tubular†¦2010) Autoclave Process The compressed ethylene feedstock is mixed with comonomer such as ethyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, or methacrylic acid. Then the mixture is allowed to enter secondary compressor where it is compressed at very high pressure of 45,000 psi before entering autoclave reactor. Initiator accelerates the polymerization process. The molten polyethylene is taken out through separator and taken to extruder for making pellets and further processing. (Lyondellbasell 2010) A typical flow diagram of autoclave process for producing LDPE can be represented as per the following. Source: http://www.lyondellbasell.com/techlit/techlit/Tech%20Topics/Plant%20Profiles/Autoclave%20LDPE%20Technology.pdf Tubular versus Autoclave Reactor Processes Both, tubular and autoclave, are proven processes but there is s ome subtle difference in the product structure of resins produced from these processes. The difference lies in the level and type of long-chain branching. The autoclave process provides more long-chain branching compared to those provided by tubular reactor. That is due to higher level of backmixing possible in case of tubular reactor. In contrast, tubular reactor provides little backmixing as the reaction flow carries the polymer down the tube as reaction progresses; however, such subtle