USA Vs. Russia: Missile Defense :: essays research papers

National Missile Defense USA Vs. RussiaFor the past several years, George W. Bush, turncock Cheney, and most congressional Republicans have wanted to set up a national rocket demur musical arrangement, designed to defend the United States against a weensy number of long-range missiles. The Clinton administration maintained that there was no current or potential missile threat to the United States that would justify the deployment of such a defense. At the same time the administration has pursued its "3+3" plan to spend three years developing a national missile defense -- by 2000 -- that could then be deployed in an early(a) three years -- by 2003, if a decision were made to deploy. George W. Bush, upon being elected, has given 6 months nonice that the US is going to back out of the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty signed in 1972 (which clearly states that we cannot build a national missile defense), in order to establish our national missile defense system. The reason sim ply being the fear of attacks from countries with long range missiles as well as other nuclear weapons. Countries such as China, North Korea, and Iraq. Russia, among other countries, were angered by the USs decision to back out of the treaty, therefore adding to the conflict.Most people are not clear on what exactly the missile defense system is, or what it does. Basically its, as Bush puts it, a system for intercepting other countries nuclear missiles aimed for us with a dummy non-explosive missile of our own. For example, if North Korea invaded South Korea and the US threatened to intervene, North Korea could threaten us back with a nuclear missile aimed for newfound York, Los Angeles, or any major city or landmark in our country. Bush would be willing to take the risk of the missile defense system intercepting the enemy missile, even though more than half the tests of the system have not worked correctly. Russias view on the United States construction of a missile defense system is naturally not a positive one. Peter Kilfoyle, a loudmouth critic of Russias defense policies has been a persistent thorn in the array of the government on defense issues. He criticised the "unilateralism" of the US administration in pressing ahead with the missile defence plan, warning that the Russians had been left feeling " pixilated and let down", while the Chinese were about to quadruple their stock of intercontinental ballistic missiles.

Barries are an illusion :: essays research papers

The Actual IllusionIt calls for the unity of all Frenchmen across class barriers, claims Raymond Durgnat in his criminal record Jean Renoir, about the strike The Grand Illusion (149). Its a war movie without a single battle scene, where only one pass is killed, and theres not one character which could be portrayed as the villain. Just by the death toll, we get the sense that the film is more than than about WWI, but how people be different from each other. The story examines soldiers from different classes and nationalities in an effort to show their common humanity despite these divisions. The film begins with pilots de Boieldieu and Marechal deciding to investigate an area to plan a military attack. While on their mission, their plane is shot down by the noble German ships officer Von Rauffenstein. After celebrating his win, Von Rauffenstein orders his German soldiers to seek the fallen pilots and invite them over for lunch before being sent to a prisoners of war camp. Even though they cover different allegiances, the moneyed de Boieldieu inevitably strikes up a friendship with Von Rauffenstein since they hail from the same upper affectionate class unlike his fellow countrymen Marechal who is just a French middle class worker. A German soldier helps Marechal cut his steak and even sparks up a conversation. The dignified Von Rauffenstein Von Rauffenstein apologizes for the death of one of their men.From the beginning of the movie, social division is displayed by seeing people from the same social class uniting like Marechel did with the German and de Boieldieu with Von Rauffenstein. As aristocratic officers, both men are witnessing the gradual erosion of their inherited privilege and the resulting power shift to the working class and try to stay together. When they arrive at the camp, both Boieldieu and Marechal, are befriended by their fellow countrymen. The prisoners devise a plan that consists of digging a hole through the ground that ends in the g ardens on the other side of the wall. They are laboured to switch camps before being able to finish their plan. While in the camp, many examples of closed composition as stated by Gollin in his script A Viewers Guide to Film The world in a closed framed but always seems to some extend egotism defined and self contained are used (59). Throughout most scenes the soldiers are filmed either enclosed in a door or window frame which added to the feeling of them being trapped in the POW camp.

Shakespeares Othello - Othello and Iago :: Othello essays

Othello and Iago   The tragedy Othello by William Shakespeare is a story based upon the revenge of two characters, Othello and Iago. These two characters swear out to prove Murpheys Law which states that if something wrong can happen it will for Othello it is the wrongful killing of his wife and friend, for Iago it is getting caught for his actions and finally being tortured. Many historians, actors, and readers would like to conclude that Othello and Iago are very complex but at a closer look you will notice that their actions are purely based upon revenge for their iniquities.   I follow him to serve my turn upon him, said Iago (945). From the beginning of the story Iago has a cruel intent bent on destroying Othello merely because the job that he desire after was given to young Cassio. Exactly why his hatred burns so bright is unclear because it was not uncommon to lose a lay out to another soldier. With or without reasonablenessable justification for re venge, Iago immediately starts to tear Othello a pause by informing Brabantio (Desdemons father, Othellos wife) that she is out with a black ram and committing foul acts. As time progresses Iago becomes more wrapped up in his lies that he even begins to believe that Othello has slept with his own wife, Emelia, and now he has even more reason to hate the Moor, I hate the Moor and it is thought abroad that twixt my sheets has done my office( 55429-431). Iago is so obsessed with his revenge on Othello that he does not care what happens to anyone else so long as he is happy. In the process of hurting Othello he manages to have Roderigo killed, Cassio severely injured, his own wife Emelia is kill by his own hands, Desdemona dies at the hands of her husband Othello, and after everything Othello kills himself. Sadly Iago accomplishes his revenge but with so many casualties and then he himself is tortured and killed for his part in the great conspiracy, but before he is punis hed he has to see that Cassio will be the one to take Othellos place (a strange satire since it was Cassio that Iago was jealous of).

Literary Analysis of Joseph Hellers Catch 22 Essay -- Heller Joseph C

Literary Analysis of Joseph monsters Catch 22Laughing in the face of contend and death, literally, is one of the things that make the novel Catch-22 by Joseph Heller such an intriguing and original story. It was written in 1961, a time when, repayable to the fighting of the Second World War, all war novels were written with a dark and dreary tone, while still trying to continue the pre-conceived romantic notions virtually war. However, Joseph Heller strips away all of the romantic pretense, and pulling heavily on his own Air Force experience during WWII, presents war in its most raw, un-censored version. It takes away thoughts of being the amazing hero, and winning medals, and replaces them with the screwed up, bureaucratic way that we fight wars. It shows the true paradoxes that arise, and shows the violence of war, in its most un-adulterated form. This book came right after WWII, a war that most American citizens saw as a just and needed war, and shocked all who read it with t he truth about war. Then, as if to prove the literary genius of the author, the Vietnam War comes along. It then turns out that the novel Catch-22 was almost prophetic about the war. Almost the entire novel is shown through the eyes of the main character, superior John Yossarian. He is an Assyrian, who is completely paranoid and always trying to convince people that there are other people out there who are doing their best to make sure he doesnt make pass from each mission he flies. He then decides to make it his personal mission to return alive from every flight. Throughout the entire story, the main theme or subject is the craziness of war, and how it is not romantic as it has been previously portrayed, but in reality hellish and dangerous.One of the most interesti... ...iness of war. In conclusion, the entire book, while being non-sequential and confusing throughout, still conveys its theme very well. This is mainly thanks to the authors ability to bend the English language to his will, and the timing that it was released. It came out at a time that all war novels were heroic and romantic, yet do to Hellers own Air Force experience he knew the truth about war, and by writing about it, he brings it to the foreground. The entire novel centers close to and contributes to the theme that true war is not how it has been portrayed in the media of the day. It is actually a self-contained hell that is perpetuated by crazy leaders, death, and violence. This makes this novel one that should be required reading for all peoples in the world, so that we can better understand the truth about war, and maybe, just maybe, we will have fewer wars.

Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

On behalf of the class of 2006, the second graduating class of Digital Arts at George Cogswell College, we would like to welcome you. It is an honor for us to have you here to celebrate this special day with us. This is the last day of our teach year and the beginning of our professional person life. It is also a day that we have worked very hard for and we know we could not have done it without your help. We have studied diligently in these former(prenominal) three years and experienced many changes in the digital technologies. Some of us had no idea what we were getting into. We had to deal with both the creative stead and the technical side of the digital arts. The creative side was always delight We had fun designing char fiddleers, and then animating them. We had fun analyzing filming and audio techniques, we had fun listening to each others scripts. Acting class was most amusing I will never forget our storytelling class. We came up with various weird and fascinating moveme nts for our classmates to act out. But when we applied all of this creative fun stuff digitally, the technical side tormented us. There was always new software to learn, especially in animation programs. Our 3D animation classes were excruciating we had to memorize more than a generous amount of technical terminology and a myriad of short-cut keys. We had to learn to signify in 3D, to understand the relationship of our model from top view to side view and front view and pay attention to every detail a great deal everything from modeling to material, texture, and animation. If we were not careful, our characters hands and feet would disappear into cyberspace Besides that, there were computer problems to worry about. Some of us had experienced system crashes through forcefulness outages during the storm season. Others experienced file corruption a few weeks before the finals. There were many sleepless nights. In fact, one of us broke the school rules and stayed overnight just to ge t some work done, disregarding the alarm in the hall. After this incident, every night at closing time, the on-duty instructor walked more or less the computer rooms many times to make sure that no one was hiding under a table. Ill never forget those moments. (Now the school has installed alarms in all computer rooms at the new building there just is no excuse to try to stay over night.

Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

On behalf of the class of 2006, the second graduating class of Digital Arts at George Cogswell College, we would like to welcome you. It is an honor for us to piddle you here to celebrate this special day with us. This is the last day of our school year and the beginning of our professional life. It is also a day that we have campaigned really hard for and we know we could not have done it without your help. We have studied diligently in these past three years and experienced many changes in the digital technologies. Some of us had no idea what we were getting into. We had to deal with both the creative boldness and the technical side of the digital arts. The creative side was always mutant We had fun designing characters, and then animating them. We had fun analyzing filming and audio techniques, we had fun listening to each others scripts. Acting class was well-nigh amusing I will never forget our storytelling class. We came up with various weird and fascinating movements for our classmates to act out. But when we applied all of this creative fun stuff digitally, the technical side tormented us. There was always modernistic software to learn, especially in animation programs. Our 3D animation classes were excruciating we had to discover more than a generous amount of technical terminology and a myriad of short-cut keys. We had to learn to think in 3D, to understand the relationship of our model from legislate view to side view and front view and pay attention to every detail practically everything from modeling to material, texture, and animation. If we were not careful, our characters hands and feet would disappear into meshwork Besides that, there were computer problems to worry about. Some of us had experienced system crashes through power outages during the storm season. Others experienced file corruption a few weeks before the finals. There were many sleepless nights. In fact, one of us broke the school rules and stayed overnight just to get so me work done, disregarding the alarm in the hall. After this incident, every night at closing time, the on-duty instructor walked around the computer rooms many times to mold sure that no one was hiding under a table. Ill never forget those moments. (Now the school has installed alarms in all computer rooms at the new building there just is no excuse to try to stay over night.

Fineprint Company Case

Case Overview FinePrint Company (FPC) owner and manager John Johnson is weighing a proposal from a local Virginia businessman by the name of Ernest Bradley and his small business SmallPrint Shop (SPS). FPC employs one sales representative and one printing-press operator, but it also relies on ephemeral working class to help with the fluctuations in volume. At current it is running at full capacity 150,000 brochures a month. SPS is known for its basic printing services only it is capable of more e sedulousnessate work.Recently it lost its largest client and is now sitting with idle capacity on its specialty press, which it bought mainly to serve their orders. It is hoping to do most elaborate work cheap for FinePrint Company. Because SPS would like to simply keep the press running, Bradley proposed a deal with FPC to print a maximum of 30,000 brochures at $8 per atomic number 6 brochures. John Johnson felt that SmallPrint was a good company that did dependable quality work. The proposal sounded like a good deal to him but he was shy(p) of the price comparisons.Issues The Fineprint Company faced two major internal issues. First is the fact that it is operating its achievement facility at near capacity. This leaves little means for new jobs and threatens to increase the fixed greet associated with the capacity. Second, FPC is relying heavily on temporary labor to meet volume changes in production. With the use of temporary workers comes the burden of displace labor cost through wage changes and constant training. FPC also has external issues of SmallPrint affecting it in a positive way.When SPS lost its largest customer, it opened up chance for FinePrint to use its idle capacity. SPSs limited exposure as an elaborate printing house and its willingness to work for cheap allows FPC the upper hand in negotiations on price of possible venture. Relationship Between Issues FPCs consistent operation at near capacity increases its need to use temporary labor. SmallPrint lost of a major customer and its lack of reputation as an elaborate print house caused it to have idle capacity.That idle capacity increased its need to take form a discounted outsource deal with FinePrint. Relationships to Aim of the Company FinePrint Companys use of temporary labor and consistent operation near capacity on with SmallPrint Shops idle capacity and willingness to deal cheap, has FPC considering an outsourcing deal with SPS to help submit up production capacity and reduce need for temporary labor. Resulting in a possible reduction of manufacturing cost for FinePrint and ultimately a higher profit. Problem StatementWhile operating at near capacity and relying on temporary labor to meet the changing demand, FinePrint must pay close attention to cost and capability to expand. A proposal from a SmallPrint gives an opportunity to lower production costs and free up capacity for new orders, through outsourcing. Owner, John Johnson must review the offer carefull y to decide if he will save or spend more outsourcing his current work to his rival, Ernest Bradley. Objectives John Johnson objective is to find a way to maintain or lower cost associated with production and free up manufacturing capacity.In conjunction with this he would like to maintain or increase his profits. He does this by considering the changes in cost of outsourcing 30,000 units of current production. Alternatives We found that Fineprint had four alternatives when decision making on this offer. Johnsons first option is to keep the situation as is. He would decline SmallPrint Shops offer to outsource 30,000 brochures per month for $8/ blow brochures. Second, is to accede the deal offered by Ernest Bradley and lose $600 per month.Doing so to help out during troubled times. Third, Johnson can negotiate the price to be $6/100 brochures sort of than $8/100 brochures in an effort to help out but still break-even. Lastly, they can buy out SmallPrint and use its capacity and wo rkforce to load cost on labor and open up to new jobs. Action Plan Since FinePrint Company is looking to keep its manufacturing costs low, it is in their best enliven to decline the offer and adhere to their current production of 150,000 units 100% in-house.We made our decision based on the relevant cost involved, which includes direct material, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. We ignored the fixed costs, totaled at $12,000 a month, because they will not reduce with a partial outsource order. Currently, FPCs total variable cost are $10,500 for 150,000 units, $7 per 100 brochures and only $6 being relevant cost. The $1 difference is attributed to variable sales cost, which FPC would incur because they would still need to transport 150,000 units. If it accepts the offer, FPC would be producing only 120,000 units for only $8,700 in variable costs.Although outsourcing results in savings of $1800, it is outweighed by the additional purchasing costs of $2400 for the 30,000 unit s at $8 per 100 brochures from Bradley. Choosing to accept the offer would result in a reduction to current profits by $600. The total costs of maintaining the current production level is $600 cheaper than outsourcing 20% of production volume. It costs FPC $22,500 to produce 150,000 units and $23,100 to produce 120,000 units while outsourcing 30,000 units. There is no reason to spend more purchasing product than it will cost to produce it in-house.Therefore, FPC should bring forth to full production of its orders. Potential Problems Johnson refusing to help them completely could result in broken relationship between Johnson and Bradley. In the future, it is possible that Johnson can end up in a similar situation as Bradley and the industry could remember him as the one who had denied help. FinePrint also has to deal with the fact it is still operating at near capacity. If it has customers come in with an order that exceeds capacity they may end up spending more or losing business.

Liberalisation in india Essay

Indian economy had experienced study policy changes in early 1990s. The in the altogether economic reform, popularly cognize as, Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG model) aimed at making the Indian economy as fastest growing economy and spherically competitive. The series of reforms undertaken with respect to industrial sector, trade as well as financial sector aimed at making the economy more efficient.With the onset of reforms to liberalize the Indian economy in July of 1991, a new chapter has dawned for India and her billion plus population. This period of economic transition has had a tremendous impact on the overall economic development of almost all major sectors of the economy, and its effects over the last decade can hardly be overlooked. Besides, it also marks the advent of the real integration of the Indian economy into the global economy.This era of reforms has also ushered in a remarkable change in the Indian mindset, as it deviates from the traditio nal values held since Independence in 1947, such as self reliance and socialistic policies of economic development, which mainly due to the inward looking restrictive form of governance, resulted in the isolation, overall backwardness and inefficiency of the economy, amongst a army of other problems. This, despite the fact that India has always had the potential to be on the fast track to prosperity.Now that India is in the process of restructuring her economy, with aspirations of elevating herself from her present desolate cast in the world, the need to speed up her economic development is even more imperative. And having witnessed the positive role that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has played in the rapid economic growth of most of the Southeast Asian countries and most notably China, India has embarked on an ambitious plan to emulate the successes of her neighbors to the east and is trying to move herself as a safe and profitable destination for FDI.Economic liberalization is a very broad term that usually refers to fewer government regulations and restrictions in the economy in exchange for greater participation of private entities the doctrine is associated with neo-liberalism.The arguments for economic liberalization include greater efficiency and effectiveness that would translate to a bigger pie foreverybody. Since 1977, and specially after 1985-86, the Government has embarked upon a series of economic reforms leading towards liberalization and deregulation Subsequently, there has been a significant improvement in the growth rate of the country-from the long existing, low rate of income growth of 3.5 percent to an average growth rate of 5.5 per cent and above. Until July 1991 when the new Congress Government came to power.Since past the change in the policy packages have picked up momentum. There have been major changes since July 1991. The present Man Mohan Singh led Congress Government came into power in 2004. It has further extended the liber alization policy started in 1991. In its 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 budgets, the government has brought along with almost simultaneous changes in trade and finance announced external the Budget.

Bcc Job Profile

Bain Capability Center Analyst Job Description What is Bain? We are a leading global strategy consulting firm with 41 offices in 27 countries Our business is to help make companies more valuable Our clients include the top management of some of the worlds leading companies and one-on-one equity investors What is Bain Capability Center? BCC is the offshore group of Bain & Company that provides analytical support to Bain case teams across the globe We assist in assessing key issues, death penalty analysis, drawing insights and making recommendations on discrete pieces of client work across a range of different industries and capabilitiesWhat you will do as an analyst? assistant define the right questions and analysis to solve clients critical issues Find ways to get the data and help answer critical questions Use Bains patented toolkit and fact-based approach to validate answers Communicate recommendations to Bain teams including Partners and Managers in global offices Wh at you will learn? Business judgment based on practical business experience lucid thinking to break-down complex questions into simpler tasks Analytical skills for rapidly assessing industries and companiesHow your career will develop within BCC/Bain? We provide continuous training and coaching throughout your career so that you learn at each level We offer opportunities to transfer to other offices if the need arises Analyst programme is for 2 years after which you may progress as Associates and then Project Leaders within BCC Other alternatives include moving to BCC Shared Services and Bain Consulting. All these career paths are dependant on need/demand and are merit basedWhat type of projects you will work on? Developing full potential market opportunity in Asia-Pacific for a US-based bar code printer manufacturer Designing and developing automated inventory tracking tool for an international luggage company to track and call inventory levels Analyzing Bains annual w orldwide employee survey and providing critical company performance data to all offices globally How to apply? Please submit your cover earn and CV t

Compare and Contrast the spread of Christianity and Buddhism Essay

Both Buddhism and Christianity from their origins to the sixth century C. E. had similarities in that the diffusion was attributed through missionary work and conquest. Meanwhile, Christianity spread through the down fall of Rome and Buddhism spread by Ashoka who sent monks to mete out the teachings of the Buddha. Christianity and Buddhism both spread through missionaries. Specifically, Buddhism, towards erupt of South and Southeast Asia and, Christianity the Middle East through Europe.Buddhisms missionaries were in forms of monks that lived in monasteries and taught the Buddhists beliefs. On the other hand, Christianity, was spread through the autumn of Rome by groups of missionaries, like Paul, that taught to European and Middle Eastern cities. The diffusion by conquest was different with Christianity than Buddhism in tactics used to convert the religion. German tribes such as Saxons, Angles, and Jutes were impacted by missionary workers in the Western empire bed covering Chri stianity and overtime they adopted the religion.When the tribes invaded and conquered most of England, they made the conquered convert to Christianity. Meanwhile, Buddhism is stationed on the belief of non-violence. Ashoka was a Hindu when he was younger and after witnessing many bloody battles and becoming troubled by the effects of wars on humanity, he obstinate to convert to a life of non-violence. Ashoka being a king made him be able to adopt the religion of Buddhism and he sent monks to surrounding territories to share the teachings of Buddha.Buddhism and Christianity had several similarities in how they diffused. However, they each had different roots and beliefs. Buddhism began in India in the late sixth century B. C. E, while Christianity began several centuries later in Israel and started spreading from Jerusalem. Buddhism shared some beliefs with Hinduism and soon became rooted in China. Meanwhile, Christianity shared roots with Judaism and Islam. While both religions spr ead with the abet of missionaries, Christianity also spread when Constantine converted.Buddhism believed in paradise and Christianity believed in heaven and hell. All in all, Buddhism and Christianity have many different beliefs and roots that each contributed to their diffusion. Buddhism and Christianity are two of todays major knowledge base religions, but they each gained followers in many different ways. Spreading from Eastern Asia to Europe, both religions influenced a variety of people and groups as they spread their beliefs. With the help of missionaries, they each continued to impact people from their origins to the sixth century C. E.

Hume vs Kant: Causality

Hume s ultimate goal in his philosophic endeavors was to undermine abstruse Philosophy. By focusing on the aspect of solid ground, Hume shows there ar limitations to philosophy. Since he did not know the limits, he proposed to use reason to the best of his ability, just now when he came to a boundary, that was the limit. He conjectured that we must study reason to run across out what is beyond the capability of reason. Hume began his first examination if the creative thinker by classifying its contents as Perceptions. Here therefore he divided all the perceptions of the mind into 2 classes or species.First, Impressions represented an image of something that portrayed an fast relationship. Secondly, there were thoughts and ideas, which constituted the less vivid impressions. For example, the recalling of a memory. From this distinction, Hume decreed that all ideas had origin within impressions. From the distinction of perceptions, Hume created his microscope in order to trac e all ideas back to impressions. He did this to attempt for the limits. If an idea could not be traced back to its impression, it was too abstruse. Hume separated the objects of human reason into two categories.First, the relation of ideas, which represented all that is a priori. Secondly, he created the category of matters of fact. Matters of fact made up the a posteriori piece of the spectrum of reason. Matters of fact are contingent, meaning they could be otherwise. In order to go beyond the objects of human reason, Hume proposed that reasoning was based upon run and emergence. Causal relations help us to know things beyond our immediate vicinity. every of our cognition is based on bring forth. Therefore, we need experience to come to causal relationships of the world and experience constant conjunction.Hume verbalize that he shall venture to affirm, as a general proposition which admits no exception, that the knowledge of this relation is not in any instance, attained by r easonings a priori, but arises entirely from experience. (42) Unfortunately, our experience of constant conjunction only tells us about the past. Rationally, that is all it tells us. We ignoreister expect the effect to follow the cause, but it is not a sufficient al-Qaida to assume the effect will come from the cause in the future. These things are contingent- they could be different. The alliance between these two propositions is not intuitive it is always inferred.Hume insist that the future will resemble the past. This is the assumption underlying all our ideas of causality. If the future does not resemble the past, then all our reason based on cause and effect will crumble. When Hume proposed questions such as Is there any more intelligible proposition then to affirm that all trees will flourish in December and January, and will decay in May and June? (49), Hume demonstrates that it is not a relation of ideas that future will resemble the past it is possible that the course of character will change.Therefore, what happens in the future is neither a relation of ideas, nor a matter of fact. It is impossible, therefore, that any arguments from experience can prove this resemblance of past to future, since all these arguments are founded on the supposition of that resemblance. (51) Now Hume proposed that all inferences come from custom, not reasoning. Through custom or habits, we wear become accustomed to expect an effect to follow a cause. This is not a rational argument. This argument centers on the theory of constant conjunction, which does not fall under either fork of reason.All inferences from experience, therefore, are effects of custom, not reasoning. (57) Hume analyzed the idea of causality by emphasizing the three demands that can be verified done observation. First he argued the aspect of constant conjunction. In this aspect, the cause and effect must be spatially and constantly existent. Secondly, he asserted that it must have temporal prior ity, in that, the cause had to precede the effect. Lastly, the event must have a necessary connection- we must develop an understanding of why a cause produces a certain effect. Hume s critique of causation is that we cannot see it, we must infer it.For example, two billiard balls, single moving toward the next demonstrate temporal priority because one ball is moving first. Secondly, constant conjunction occurs because the balls exist to squeezeher spatially and constantly. But, there is no necessary reason why this happens. Hume asserted that we can retrieve a world in which the effect would be different. He then concluded that we can t get an impression of a necessary connection, we can only experience constant conjunction and temporal priority. Experience only teaches us how one event constantly follows another, without instructing us in the secret connection which binds them together.We therefore conclude that reason is a limited faculty and that we have no reason to trust ou r common methods of argument or to think that our uncouth analogies and probabilities have any authority. (83) In conclusion, Hume asserted that since we do not have any impression of necessary connections, it is our expectation that believes the effect will follow the cause. The mien of a cause always conveys the mind, by a customary transition, to the idea of the effect. (87) Since we are trained to expect the impression of necessary connection, the idea of it comes from our minds.Therefore, our belief in necessary connections of the universe is based on a rational facts. Immanuel Kant, a philosopher after Hume, sets out to reform metaphysics. Kant believed that if Hume was right, metaphysics would be impossible. But, Kant was unwilling to surrender to Hume s speculative argument, so Kant sets out to do a critique in order to explore the possibilities and reform metaphysics. Kant begins his critique searching for a priori knowledge within philosophy. Kant began to search for th e a priori principles that were rationally deductible in order to explain why we perceive the things we cannot perceive.Kant believed that the only way that we could get to things necessary and universal was through a priori. Kant found that the concept of the connection of cause and effect was by no means the only concept by which the understanding thinks the connection of things a priori, but rather that metaphysics consists altogether of such concepts. (8) Kant began to examine pure a priori reason by establishing his critique. He stated that there are boundaries and contents. He set out to find what is inside the limitations and what is outside. Kant examined the three bodies of knowledge math, physical science and metaphysics.Kant said that science must have necessity and catholicity. This places math and science within reason. Kant first divided judgement into two kinds of knowledge- analytic and synthetic. In the Prolegomena, Kant criticized Hume for having regarded mathemati cal judgements as analytic. Had he realized that they were synthetic, Hume would have been able to conclude that some synthetic judgements can be made a prior. Kant concluded that math and science fell under a priori synthetic judgements. This gives us universality, but it also tells us something.For Kant, knowledge must be necessary and universal qualities must come from a priori synthetic judgements. They have to tell us something we don t know, something completely self-supporting of experience. This idea of Kant s, completely contradicts Hume. Hume had asserted that anything based on empirical facts had no necessity, and therefore was contingent. Hume also stated that empirical facts couldn t give us universality either, because we can t know future will resemble the past. Kant stated that all Hume s beliefs centered upon the fact that nothing but experience could deliver us with such connections.For Hume, all science was empirical, and we could only know what happened so far. In contrast, for Kant, he said that scientific laws claim necessity and universality. It is only from a priori that we get universality and necessity. Kant then continued his critique to decipher if metaphysics is possible. Kant separated the faculties of the mind and the way it thinks into three distinctive categories. First, he stated that math was exhibited through intuition. The forms of intuition were a priori and had two capacities. First, intuition gave us space and time through pure intuition, and sensory data through empirical intuition.Then, Kant set up a metaphysical distinction between numena and phenomena. Numena represents the things in themselves, while phenomena represents the things for us. In this dichotomy we have no access to numena. The only way we can get to things outside us is through intuition, but intuition has these forms. This shows our limitations. Mathematics is not applicable to numena. We can have mathematical knowledge of phenomena. From this we can infer we have inter-subjective knowledge. Kant has given us universal and necessary knowledge in the phenomenal realm.Kant points out that the mistake may arise owing to an illusion, in which he proclaim to be universally valid what is merely a subjective condition of the intuition of thing and certain only of all objects of senses, namely for all possible experience. (39) Kant has just suggested that the error and base for all metaphysics is not distinguishing between phenomena and numena. Finally, Kant explained that everything is a distinction of phenomena and numena. We receive necessity and universality through this distinction and also from the projection that phenomena comes from certain a priori aspects.Therefore, the future will resemble the past, because we make it resemble the past. Kant used understanding, the second faculty of the mind to explain causality. As the understanding stands in need of categories for experience, reason contains in itself the source of ideas. (76) The function of understanding is thinking, and thinking must use concepts to be an objective thought. The presence of this objective thought verifies its actuality. Therefore, causality, for Kant, was the way in which mind puts together experiences to understand them. Kant found many problems within Hume s account.Through his endeavors to prove that metaphysics is possible, and his analyzing of causality, Kant solved the problems he saw within Hume s account. Specifically, in the Prolegomena, Kant stated that Hume justly maintains that we cannot comprehend by reason the possibility of causality. (57) Kant also attacked Hume s ideas by describing Hume s treatment of the concept of causality to be a bull of the imagination, impregnated by experience. (5) Kant succeeded in re- establishing the objectivity of causality, a task that Hume had rejected as impossible.

Attack on Pearl Harbor

The snipe on ivory Harbor was an unpredicted military process by the Japanese navy against linked States naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941. It is the Hawaii Operation or Operation Z, as it was named by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, which primary(prenominal) mission was to neutralize the United States Pacific Fleet from influencing the war that the Japanese was planning against Britain and Netherlands, and protecting their movement into Malaya and Dutch East Indies, in where Japan was seeking access to natural resources such as oil and rubber.The attack was composed of two aerial attack waves consisting of 353 aircraft that was launched from sestet Japanese aircraft carriers. Japanese dupe compromised 29 aircraft and 5 submarines, 65 servicemen killed or injured, and one was captured. The United States have lost 4 battleships, 3 cruisers, 3 destroyers, 188 aircraft, which king have been sank, destroyed, or damaged and, 2,402 personnel kill ed and 1,282 wounded. There were a lot of events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Both United States and Japan have a military expansion plans in the Pacific which causes tensions between the two countries during 1930s.Japan was expanding into Manchuria and trying to isolate China so to become independent in call of natural resources to attain victory on the mainland. Since 1920s, a war between these two countries has been a big possibility which each nation had been aware of, therefrom they have their own contingency plans. But it did not sprout seriously until Japans invasion of Manchuria. In 1940, the United States reserved shipment of airplanes, parts, gentle wind tool and gasoline, which buckn as a nemesis by the Japanese. The transfer of U. S.Pacific Fleet to its new base in Pearl Harbor was a threat to Japanese military and perceived it as the United States were preparing for the potential conflicts between two countries. The attack of the Japanese military to the United States resulted to a major assignment into World War II. The attack took place before a glob declaration of war by the Japanese, it happened before the 14-Part Message had been delivered to the State Department in Washington, D. C. The lack of any formal declaration prior to the attack in Pearl Harbor led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to proclaim December 7, 1941a come across which will live in infamy.The declaration of war was delivered late U. S. Government received the information the day after the attack. The main objective of the attack was to destroy American fleet units to prevent them from interfering with Japanese conquest of the Dutch East Indies and Malaya. It was also a part of a military action by the Japanese to buy time so to empower their position and increase their military strength. Its their objective as well to demoralize the American which might help to discourage them from fighting and will lead them to victory in conquering Southeast Asia without trouble.The Japanese military made the battleships as the main target with intentions of striking at morale, since if the attack have become successful they were able to destroy prestigious battle ships of the United States. In early 1941, formal planning and training of people for the attack have begun under Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. Planning was on the way, pilots were trained with the equipment and intelligence that they have been adapted and collected. On the otherwise hand, while the training was on progress, the actual approval of Emperor Hirohito has not gained yet.The final authorization and approval of the emperor was given until December 1. The United States Pacific bases were alerted on many occasions, as the war between two countries have expected by others. The United States officials have anticipated that the first target would be the Philippines because of the threats it possess to sea lanes to the south they thought that Japan was not capable of attacking more than one major naval operation at a time. They doubted that the Pearl Harbor would be the first main target.The Japanese military approaches in making en route to northwest of Hawaii, sending six aircraft carriers on November 26, 1941. The military departed Japan having the order of battle to launch their aircraft to attack Pearl Harbor. They prepared 408 aircraft for the two attacks as they have planned. The first wave of attacks was the main attack, containing weapons that will destroy high value ships such as battleships and aircraft carriers. The Japanese sent 183 planes to target all aircrafts in Ford Island, Wheeler Field, Hickam Field, Barbers Point, and Kaneohe.Dive bombers and fighters were instructed to attack ground targets and destroyed all the parked aircrafts to avoid counterattacks. There were scout planes launched to patrol over and report on enemy composition and location. The punt wave of attack was to clean out the remaining targets. It is composed of 171 military pla nes. There was a possible third wave of attack but cod to several reasons, Japanese decided to withdraw. The Japanese were able to accomplished their intended objectives, and have won an outstanding tactical victory.The United States caught off guard and defended their bases offhand they have limited time in order to maintain the casualties. Though the attack inflicted large-scale destruction on US vessels and aircraft, it did not affect Pearl Harbors fuel storage, maintenance, submarine, and intelligence facilities. Fortunately, the American aircraft carriers were untouched by the Japanese attacks. The Japanese have undertaken offensive military actions throughout the Pacific area, hence the American take all measures for their defense.Therefore, the United States President Roosevelt together with Britain officially declared a war against the Empire of Japan. Nonetheless, the attacks of Japanese military to United States naval base leads to subsequently declaration of war by Naz i Germany and the Kingdom of Italy against the Americans. Therefore, the European and Southeast Asian wars have now became a global conflict with the Axis powers Japan, Germany and Italy, joined against America, Britain, France, and other Allies. It resulted in the United States entry into World War II united with their allies.

Reaction Paper to Pre-Spanish Colonization

Reaction cover to Pre-Spanish Colonization When I chose to enroll into the PHST 30 course, I re ally only had one intention for creation in this class, and that is it is a CSU transferable class. All of my life I have considered myself to be a Filipino-American, although I was born and raised here in the United States. I never really knew much active Philippine history and I am actually glad that I am learning a little bit to a greater extent in each class session.During Pre-Spanish colonization, I found some major(ip) concerns regarding my feelings towards some of the laws that were in effect in those days. For example with the poor pack who were not allowed to have more than one child and if they did, their newborn baby would be thrown into the river. What gives the government the right to make a decisi on for a couple who want to have a bigger family? Back then people also could not be lazy if they chose to be lazy, they were severely punish. If that were the case now, million s of people would be punished a day.Another example is that men drank back then to prove their masculinity to women. It was really queer to me that a popular liquor back then was Lambanoag because I have drank that now, and it is no longer conscionable for men to drink. Another aspect of Pre-Spanish colonization was that men were to work while the women stayed home and took care of all of the household duties. It is really unfair to women that they are obligated to stay home because what if they wanted to work, they just couldnt.